Earl Richard Quinney And The Black Collar Crime - 782 Words

Reminiscent of the 1980s based considerations historically demonstrating criminological sophistication, Earl Richard Quinney is most noted for his look at crime among the wealthy or elite classes, most predominantly as white-collar crime. Quinney was born in small town rural Wisconsin in 1934 to first generation Irish immigrants. Quinney spent his youth completely in rural Wisconsin, graduating from Delevan High School. He life to this point, revolved around small farm-town living, where populist political culture dominated the landscape. During this time he developed significant skill as a writer for his high school newspaper, and this led him to later attend Carroll College, a small liberal arts institution in Waukesha, Wisconsin where he was elected as student body president (Mutchnick et al., 1990). Quinney aspired to join the Forest Service, as well as medicine, where he considered synthesizing biological science with sociology with a career in medical administration. Afte r a brief, unpleasurable, working stint upon graduation from Carroll College, Quinney attended graduate school at Northwestern University in Illinois where he wrote his master’s thesis on â€Å"Urbanization and the Scale of Society under the guidance of criminology scholars Kimball Young and William Byron. Not long after, Quinney went on to receive his post-graduate degree from his home state institution the University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1962. The road to achieving his post-graduate degree

Essay about Labor Unions’ Involvement in Politics

External advocacy and political involvement is deeply engrained in the culture of labor unions. Bill Fletcher Jr. writes myth 8: â€Å"the union uses our money for political action and I have no say in the matter,† in his novel â€Å"They’re Bankrupting Us† And 20 Other Myths about Unions. In this myth, Bill Fletcher Jr. addresses unions and how they take political action. Labor unions often take political action in a controversial way, while not always getting full advantage of their work. Fletcher says that when unions and politics come together, people especially interpret unions’ missions and their power critically. He does not expand on how he titles the myth, but skims the surface on union consensus regarding politics. The myth is about the†¦show more content†¦If a member did not support the union’s choice of candidate, the member could easily refuse to give money. Politics within the union movement have narrowed and less people are involved in making decisions, due to the disengagement of members in political affairs. However, at the level of political action, Fletcher states that engagement can only be achieved through dialogue with union members. When members are engaged in political action, their views are respected. From the beginning, union involvement in political and legislative matters has been a component of unions and their external advocacy. When labor unions first began forming, political parties that represented the interests of the workforce began forming as well. However, due to the bipartisan power in the United States, it is hard for third parties to succeed electorally, which ultimately ended the idea of a labor party. This is why the American Federation of Labor believed that labor should not form its own parties, but should lobby the current two-party system. With the lack of a labor party, labor unions often back the Democratic Party, even though Democrats may not always act in favor of the labor force. Some may see lobbying the two parties as counter productive, since the influence of wealth and the corporate world takes some sort of precedence to the labor unions. Although manyShow MoreRelatedThe Los Angeles County Federation Of Labor Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages The start of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Abstract The Los Angeles County Federation of Labor is a regional labor organization in the state of Los Angeles that has evolved representation of the interests of workers to include political involvement. 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One of whichRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Out Of This Furnace By Thomas Bell1707 Words   |  7 Pagesof three generation of Slovakian immigrants in America enduring poverty, discrimination, exploitation by employers, as well as the development of labor unions. As the story progresses, the novel provides a glimpse of diverse sets of perspectives from Kracha, Mike, and finally Dobie. In examining the character Dobie, his participation in civic labor unions, and in search of his own true identity reveals the more liberal and outspoken new generation of immigrants. Dobie is a son of Mike and Mary DobrejcakRead MoreWomen s Benefits Of Women941 Words   |  4 PagesWomen have started movements in work unions back to the early 1900s, but wasn t a big concern till today.(Bergeron, 2015) Today the movement of labor has changed greatly and has increased in involvement with women. 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The years of change seemed rather unlikely between 1964 and 1982 as Leonid Brezhnev became the man in charge. As his slogan was â€Å"no experimentation† he became the head of the state and the communist party in 1964. Even though he was optimistic and calm, the Brezhnev Doctrine, which stated that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene if socialism was a threatened in another state, led to Soviet Union troops being deployed in Czechoslovakia in 1968Read MoreDoes America Need Labor Unions Today?2811 Words   |  12 Pages English 102 Section 401 November 24, 2012 Does America Need Labor Unions Today? President John F. Kennedy once said, â€Å"The American Labor Movement has consistently demonstrated its devotion to the public interest. It is, and has been, good for all Americans.† Organized labor has a goal of helping workers get what they deserve in all aspects of their jobs such as salary, benefits, hours, working conditions, and so on

Marketing Dissertation Topics Free Essays

1. Introduction to Marketing Dissertations This guide gives you some ideas for dissertation titles. Marketing is a broad area, with many different ideas to explore, so there should be plenty to whet your appetite here. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Dissertation Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing dissertations typically take one of two forms, focusing either upon collecting and analyzing primary data or upon appraising secondary data only. Either type can be appropriate to your area of study. You will also find an overview of how to structure your dissertation in section three below. 2. Categories and List of Dissertation Titles 2.1 Theories of Marketing 2.1.1To what extent does Borden’s ‘Marketing Mix’ provide an adequate tool for marketing in the 21st centuryA review of the literature from the UK and USA. 2.1.2The management of marketing: is empowerment a useful concept to inform the contemporary marketing departmentA case study in a UK advertising agency. 2.1.3 Can the Jetstar marketing science model, developed to assess profitability in the low-cost airline market, be used successfully for other budget marketsA case study of a new dental practice chain. 2.1.4 Is there one best marketing decision model, or should models be selected on a contingency basisA review of recent literature. 2.1.5 The relationship between theory and practice. Do the most successful marketers have an in-depth theoretical knowledge of their fieldA qualitative study amongst marketing professionals. 2.1.6 Is the PEST analysis sufficient to interrogate environmental factors pertinent to marketing, or are subsequent developments (SLEPT, PESTEL, PESTLE) also necessaryA literature review. 2.1.7 Which approach to market segmentation is able to offer the best characterization of, and way to market to, the over 80’s A quantitative study of residents in a sheltered accommodation facility. 2.1.8 Can marketing principles developed for commercial interests be appropriate for promoting ethical issues A case study of the use of marketing techniques by the Stop the War Coalition. 2.2 Global Marketing 2.2.1How do consumer expectations of continuity in relationship with a brand differ from country to countryA qualitative study amongst experts around the world, using models of cultural differences. 2.2.2Aspirational purchases: the added value of luxury brands. How do consumers in developing countries view traditional British brands A quantitative study amongst affluent Chinese consumers aged 18-35. 2.2.3 Is political activity associated with rejection of global brandsA quantitative study of young European consumers’ attitudes to products from the USA. 2.2.4 The speed of convergence and globalization: to what extent are consumer behaviours becoming more alike around the worldA review of the literature. 2.2.5 What are the best theoretical tools for coping with rapid change in consumer preferences in the global marketplaceA review of recent literature. 2.2.6 How can global marketing campaigns best address culturally-specific ethical differences between nations A qualitative study amongst marketing managers involved in promoting alcohol and cigarette products. 2.2.7The impact of body language and gestures on global communication: to what extent can misunderstandings arise, and how does this impact on salesA quantitative study amongst sales people entering new global territories. 2.2.8 Can a managerial cognition perspective offer a good approach to global marketingA review of the literature. 2.3 Market Research, Advertising, Branding 2.3.1 The irritation factor: can ‘annoying’ television advertisements be more successful in securing consumer recall of products than ‘pleasing’ ones A review of the literature. 2.3.2 The resistant consumer: what is the best way to advertise and promote products to people who hold anti-capitalist viewsAn action research study amongst radical activists. 2.3.3 Can game theory contribute to successful brandingA critical analysis of three branding strategies using game dynamics. 2.3.4 Can successful branding approaches be used within politicsA review of the most recent UK election campaigns in terms of models of branding and advertising 2.3.5 Can ethics be used to develop effective brands A case study and historical analysis of branding by the Co-Operative Bank in the UK. 2.3.6 Is there a solid academic case for using hip hop, and its emphasis upon shared ownership and questioning of authenticity, as marketing tool A literature review. 2.3.7 Can brand association and cause-related marketing be used to build awareness of less-familiar brandsA quantitative study amongst European consumers of ‘green’ products. 2.3.8 Is it possible to enhance brand-building by training customer-facing staffAn intervention-based quantitative study amongst staff in an independent hotel in London. 2.4 Market Trends and Consumer Behaviour 2.4.1 To what extent does education level influence reading of food product labels for nutritional informationA quantitative study amongst Tesco customers. 2.4.2 Is commitment to buying ‘green’ and sustainable supermarket products mediated by level of household incomeA quantitative study amongst consumers across Europe. 2.4.3 A signifier of sophistication and desirable life-styleHow do UK women consumers view wine brands readily available in the UK high streetA qualitative study amongst women shoppers aged 18-65. 2.4.4 Can theories of semiotics be used to explore the meanings that products have for consumersA literature review examining the use of theories by de Saussure, Pierce and others. 2.4.5 Is there any evidence that car use will decrease over the next 10 years as a result of changing awareness of green issues, rising fuel costs or changing consumer attitudesA literature review. 2.4.6Compulsive shopping: are neurological models more adequate to explain the phenomena of compulsive buying than social or psychological models A review of recent literature. 2.4.7 The functional food phenomenon: good for body, soul or imageA qualitative investigation into the motivating factors influencing purchasers of functional foods. 2.4.8Is there a relationship between rural living and type of foods purchasedA quantitative study of shopping habits amongst residents in rural Wales. 2.5 New Media and New Trends in Marketing 2.5.1Pop-up Paradise: to what extent can the ‘pop-up’ shop be an effective marking toolA qualitative study of young consumers in London. 2.5.2 Caring and sharing: to what extent does the advent of new media technologies allow a newly collaborative approach to marketingA review of recent literature. 2.5.3 Can social media offer new approaches to marketing for theatre managementA case study of an independent theatre in Manchester. 2.5.4 ‘A nice idea, but †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ For small businesses, does the reality of using social and new media in marketing live up to the promiseA qualitative study amongst business owners in the UK. 2.5.5 Are new media channels for marketing as effective as old methods A quantitative study amongst consumers and marketing professionals looking at a range of attributes related to effectiveness. 2.5.6 New media: effective only when targeting young consumersA literature review looking at the use of new media and marketing effectiveness for the over 55s. 2.5.7 To what extent has control over the internet impacted upon the use of new media for marketing activities in ChinaA literature review. 2.5.8The need for a social media strategy: emerging best practice in marketing. A comparative and analytic case study looking at 5 UK brands using social media. 3. How to Structure a Marketing Dissertation, Tips For details on how to structure a marketing dissertation, kindly check out the following post: How to Structure a dissertation (chapters) How to structure a dissertation (chapters and subchapters) How to structure a dissertation research proposal How to cite Marketing Dissertation Topics, Essays

How Does Dickens Introduce the Main Themes free essay sample

How does Dickens introduce the main themes and concerns of the novel in the opening chapters of â€Å"Great Expectations†? â€Å"Great Expectations† is a â€Å"Tragi-comedy† written by the famous novelist Charles Dickens during the early 19th centaury. It is synonymous with the suffering of real people during the Victorian Era, and it looks at life from the downcast eyes of a small boy unknowingly pitched as an apt pinup boy for the era of poverty and hardship, in harsh juxtaposition with the perspective later on in the novel of a boy with whom the riches of life cling to like moss on an old oak. The novel itself was originally designed to keep Dickens’ weekly magazine, â€Å"All year round† in business; to do this he needed a novel that would appeal to all types of readers: those who favoured romance, those who craved mystery and those who loved gruesome horror, those who loved a little bit of excitement and those who wanted easy reading as well as those, like dickens himself, who a objectionable rusted mirror, a book that would change things, signify the hard times. It is this patchwork quilt of genres that the book was supposedly meant to slot into, without losing its moral compass or excitement or plot, that shape the novel into a mismatched melange of themes, stuck haphazardly together by the glue that makes the very basis of all good reads, a decent writer. The themes of the book vary and clash but in short they include: self achievement/improvement, justice and betrayal, pride and revenge, crime and guilt, astonishing imagery and of course romance. The aim of this paper is simply to scrutinise these said themes and examine how Dickens introduces them in the early steps of the book, so to start as we mean to continue, let’s begin with examining the very first of these themes, and one could argue the most important or at least the most commonly referred, that of self improvement. The moral theme of Great Expectations is quite simple: affection, loyalty, and conscience are more important than social advancement, wealth, and class. Dickens establishes the theme and shows Pip learning this lesson, largely by exploring ideas of ambition and self-improvement—ideas that quickly become both the thematic centre of the novel and the psychological mechanism that encourages much of Pips development. At heart, Pip is an idealist; whenever he can conceive of something that is better than what he already has, he immediately desires to obtain the improvement. We see this very early on in the novel, when he first sets eyes on Satis House and Estella; he longs to be a wealthy gentleman. It may not make him a better person, or even make him happy, but he does not realise this. And maybe this is something we can forgive, as when he originally longs for improvement he is indeed very young and naive in the ways of the world, but maybe it is something that he should have grown out of with age. We see Pip’s desire for self improvement rear its scarred head once or twice again during the early stages of the novel, for example, in the early chapters when he thinks of his moral shortcomings, he longs deeply to be good. â€Å"†, and again, when he realizes that he cannot read, he longs to learn how. Pips desire for self-improvement is the main source of the novels title: because he believes in the possibility of advancement in life, he has â€Å"Great Expectations† about his future. Ambition and self-improvement take three forms in Great Expectations—moral, social, and educational; these motivate Pips unwaveringly throughout the novel. First, Pip desires moral self-improvement. When he steals the food Magwitch, he feels awful about his immoral actions and because of this he is extremely hard on himself and feels powerful gut-renching guilt that spurs him to act better in the future. When he leaves for London, for instance, he torments himself about having behaved so wretchedly toward Joe and Biddy. Second, Pip desires social self-improvement from the very first torment that gleefully trickles from Estella’s mouth shaming Pip and his humble background, â€Å" he calls the Knaves, Jacks, this boy† , he longs to become a member of her social class, and, encouraged by Mrs. Joe and Pumblechook, he entertains fantasies of becoming a gentleman. The working out of this fantasy forms the basic plot of the novel; it provides Dickens the opportunity to gently satirize the class system of his era and to make a point about its capricious nature. Significantly, Pips life as a gentleman is no more satisfying—and certainly no more moral—than his previous life as a blacksmiths apprentice. Third, Pip desires educational improvement. This desire is deeply connected to his social ambition and longing to marry Estella: a full education is a requirement of being a gentleman. As long as he is an ignorant country boy, he has no hope of social advancement. Pip understands this fact as a child, when he learns to read at Mr. Wopsles aunts school, and as a young man, when he takes lessons from Matthew Pocket. Ultimately, through the examples of Joe, Biddy, and Magwitch, Pip learns that social and educational improvement are irrelevant to ones real worth and that conscience and affection are to be valued above erudition and social standing. Justice and betrayal (and ironic ends), also play a major role in the plot, with constant obvious and less obvious twists and turns in the plot being credited to them. There is the natural justice in events in the story, sort of Karma if you like- with examples like the incident with Mrs Joe, who after years of beating and abusing Pip and Joe, is finally subdued by a psychical blow to the head, ironically reflecting the physical damage she enforced upon Joe and Pip. Also, the repugnant Miss Havisham, who after decades of decaying slowly in darkness, comes to her end as a result of a bright, shocking wild fire, her abhorrent belongings perishing in brilliant , vivid light, juxtaposing her lurid dank lifestyle. After years of inflicting the pain she herself felt upon others, it seems right that she should die before the novel was out. Loyalty and goodness are also rewarded; we feel that sweet and loyal Joe deserves his happy ever after with Biddy. We may also court the idea that after he is reforms and reborn back as he was at the beginning, Pip has been â€Å"good† enough to have repaid his debt of sin, and that him and Estella can be allowed their happy future, after having paid for their vanity and folly. Magwitch is a contraption of justice, distributing it fairly and thickly, in his own way. He tries to reward Pip for helping him in the marshes, he ensures that Pip does not get into trouble for stealing the food to help him by owning up and saying that he took it himself. He tries to help Pip out financially as a â€Å"thankyou† gift almost. He forces Compeyson to pay the price for his past crimes, helping out where the public justice system failed. The legal system itself is portrayed as unfair, brutal, arbitrary and open to corruption by bribery, but this is true to form of the genuine justice system at the time of Dickens. Jaggers is one who manipulates the justice system, but once again counteracts his actions by saving one tiny little girl from the horrors of its grasp. Crime and guilt twist and twine throughout the plot, and is explored throughout the novel largely through the characters of the convicts and the criminal lawyer Jaggers. From the handcuffs Joe mends at the smithy to the gallows at the prison in London, the imagery of crime and criminal justice pervades the book, becoming an important symbol of Pips inner struggle to reconcile his own inner moral conscience with the institutional justice system. In general, just as social class becomes a superficial standard of value that Pip must learn to look beyond in finding a better way to live his life, the external trappings of the criminal justice system (police, courts, jails, etc. ) become a superficial standard of morality that Pip must learn to look beyond to trust his inner conscience. Magwitch, for instance, frightens Pip at first simply because he is a convict, and Pip feels guilty for helping him because he is afraid of the police. By the end of the book, however, Pip has discovered Magwitchs inner nobility, and is able to disregard his external status as a criminal. Prompted by his conscience, he helps Magwitch to evade the law and the police. As Pip has learned to trust his conscience and to value Magwitchs inner character, he has replaced an external standard of value with an internal one. Another theme is pride and revenge; these are reflected in most of the characters, most notably obviously the wretched Miss Havisham, who after being hurt by a single man single-mindedly longs for the absolute annihilation of all men. Pride and desire are shown to be greatly caustic, Miss Havisham feeds these destructive forces by surrounding herself with objects that remind her of her betrayal, stooping herself in utter eternal desolation, her life is dysfunctional and distorted, as if viewed reflected off one of her now rusted silver gauntlets that lies upon the untouched dining table, her view of the world is bent out of shape by grief and bitterness. Romance is a obvious and more upbeat theme of the tale, there are various hook-ups throughout the plot, Joe and Biddy, Herbert and Clara,Drummle and Estella (briefly and unsuccessfully albeit) and we can hope that Pip and Estella in the future. Pips story has one main point: no matter what happens to a person in their life, a person cannot change who they are inside. Pip does not realize this at first however. From the time he met Estella and Miss Havisham, Pip tried to change himself to fit a mould that he thought they desired. He began simply, learning to read and write. As time went on, and his circumstances changed, Pip pulled farther and farther away from where he came from and in doing that, whom he was. Through his story, people see that this type of change brings him no joy, and in Pips case, exactly the opposite. Pips story is not about living happily ever after with Estella. Dickens never tells us what happens, if anything, between them in the end. He leaves it only that they remain friends. There is a purpose for this. Dickens novel is about Pips quest for Estellas love and what he is willing to do to gain it. The story is never about the love itself. We can see this because in the majority of the story, Estella is only present in Pips heart and thoughts. The actual interaction between the characters Dickens keeps at a minimum. Great Expectations is a story that the public can relate to because at some point, everyone goes through the struggles that Pip must battle. It shows that possessions and wealth do not change who people are inside, and that finding ones self can be a long tedious process until finally the mists rise and everything becomes clear.

John Locke Essays (1296 words) - Philosophy, Epistemology

John Locke John Locke (1632-1704) was born in Wrington, England to Puritan parents who fostered his education in theology and politics. He attended the Westminster school, and then entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he received a scholarship. Locke studied classical languages, metaphysics, logic, and rhetoric there. He developed friendships with Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton, both of whom influenced his views. In 1690, he wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, this is considered his greatest work. The essay tries to set limits on human understanding. Locke attempts to answer two questions. The first question is where we get our ideas from. The second question is whether we can rely on what our senses tell us. The Essay also classifies knowledge into three degrees. These are the intuitive, demonstrative, and the sensitive. Finally, the Essay divides the ways ideas can be related into four categories: identity or diversity, relation, coexistence, and finally real existence. Part of Locke's theory is that women are equal to men, this will be discussed in the second part of my paper. To understand why Locke wanted to explain where we get our ideas from, it is important to understand what sect of philosophy he was a part of. Locke belonged to an eighteenth century group of British philosophers which included George Berkeley and David Hume. These three philosophers shared a view called empiricism. Empiricism is the belief that all knowledge and ideas come from the senses. Thus, a new born baby is a blank slate until its first sensory experience with the world. Aristotle was the originator of the empiricist way of thinking. Empiricism directly conflicts with Plato, and the rationalist way of thinking which states that humans are born with a set of innate ideas about the world. As Locke explains in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, humans gain all ideas and knowledge by interacting with the external world with their senses, and by reflecting their new gained knowledge. By senses, Locke is referring to the five senses: sight, sound, taste, feeling, and hearing. Locke's definition of reflection is the way the mind actively processes the information given to it by sensation. In reflection, the mind continues to analyze what it has sensed. This analization includes trusting, not trusting, or rationalizing the sensory experience and thereby parlaying even more knowledge and ideas out of the experience. Locke believed that simple sensations of something eventually led to a complex idea of that thing. He thought that we could only perceive simple parts of the whole which would eventually lead up to the entire thing. Locke writes, Combining several simple ideas into one compound one; and thus all complex ideas are made. An example of this could be a child's first experience with a chocolate chip cookie. The child sees that the cookie is round, she notices the brown color, and the dark chocolate spots that make up the chips. The child is really not capable of understanding a cookie yet, though. In another experience with the cookie, the child reflects upon her past experience and builds upon it. This time, she feels the rough texture, and tastes the sweet confection. Only after the child experiences all the sum of the cookies parts is she able to own the idea of cookie. One aspect of knowledge that Locke was concerned with is what can be called false knowledge. This is knowledge that can not be traced back to simple sensations. Even the words God and eternity are being misused and misconcepted because nobody has experienced these things. Locke does not totally disbelieve that there is a God and eternity though, because he later reasons in the Essay that, Nothing cannot produce a Being; therefore Something must have existed from Eternity. The second question Locke attempts to tackle is whether we can rely on what our senses tell us, or is the world the way we perceive it. To help answer this question he divided sensations into primary and secondary qualities. Primary qualities are described as those that do not change when the substance is divided. This includes solidity, extension, figure, and mobility. Secondary qualities are those that are subject to change in a substance, such as colors, sounds, and tastes. Thus, all people see primary qualities in the same way, but not everyone views the secondary qualities in the same way. For example, although two children see the same round cookie, one might think that it tastes good and the other may despise the taste of it. It is through these qualities that Locke attempted to judge whether we can rely on our senses to correctly perceive the world. After Locke established how ideas are formed,

The eNotes Blog Edgar Allan Poe Un-Masqued 10 Things You Didnt Know About the GothicWriter

Edgar Allan Poe Un-Masqued 10 Things You Didnt Know About the GothicWriter Youd be hard-pressed to find a student that doesnt enjoy (or, at the very least, find interesting) one of Edgar Allan Poes short stories- even if you polled  the most literature-hating students, theyd  still be able to quoth the raven everslightly. Poes stories and poems  have  a unique staying power with many readers, whether theyre  keen on  his Dark Romantic writing or  hungry to latch  onto anything taught in class to  fuel angst-ridden high school  years (*cough* totally was me *cough*).  If the  questions we get on are any indication  of  readers endless fascinations of Poeit holds  completely true. Our Homework Help content library is chock full of interesting questions that delve into Poes  writing style, explain his important influences, and reveal some  quirky bits of trivia. They are asked by students seeking  essay help  and by  casual readers looking to expand their  knowledge alike. Did you know that Poe had his own Sherlock-esque character, or  that gifts mysteriously appear on his tombstone? If not, read on. Here are ten fascinating Homework Help questions to help you learn  a little bit more about the man behind the masque. 1. What inspired Edgar Allan Poe to write? Poe probably considered himself primarily a poet, and he wrote poetry to express his feelings. There never has been much money in poetry, and Poe was alwayscontinue  reading  Ã¢â€ â€™ 2.  Is it true that Edgar Allan Poe did not suffer from mental illness or drug addiction? According to Poe’s bitter enemy Dr. Thomas Dunn English, Poe did not have a drug addictioncontinue reading  Ã¢â€ â€™ 3.  In Poes literary works, how does he generally create mood? The mood in a story is the atmosphere that pervades the work with the intention of evoking a certain emotion or feeling from the reader. Edgar Allan Poe evokes specific moods in his short stories in several ways.   Most of his stories are gloomy, horrific, and eeriecontinue reading  Ã¢â€ â€™ 4.  How did Edgar Allan Poes work reflect white American culture? Part of the point of this question is to make you apply some version of what critics call critical race theory or whiteness theory to Poecontinue reading  Ã¢â€ â€™ 5.  What was Edgar Allan Poes signature writing style? Edgar Allan Poe wrote short stories and poems. His stories are of two types: horror stories, which are his most distinctive, and detective storiescontinue reading  Ã¢â€ â€™ 6.  Do Edgar Allan Poes stories provide any information about his personal life? While it is tempting to want to read many of Poes works as being about his own personal life, or even to assume they are autobiographical, generally this is known to be untruecontinue reading  Ã¢â€ â€™ 7.  Did Transcendentalism affect Edgar Allan Poes writing? Transcendentalism affected Edgar Allan Poe’s literature because he abhorred it. Poe’s writing, considered part of the American Romantic period, was Dark Romanticcontinue reading  Ã¢â€ â€™ 8.  Someone has left a bottle of cognac and roses on Edgar Allan Poe’s grave since 1949. Has anyone ever discovered who it is and why? Any ideas? As the 207th anniversary of the birth of Edgar Allan Poe falls on the 19th of January, 2016, speculation again revolves around the identity of the individual or individuals responsible for a decades-long tradition of placing three roses and half-empty bottle of cognac on the late poet and author’s gravecontinue reading  Ã¢â€ â€™ 9.  What are the similarities and differences between Edgar Allan Poe and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle when it comes to their writing styles, themes, and their  method of â€Å"crime-solving† Arthur Conan Doyle did not shy away from acknowledging the influences upon his own writings- notably his American predecessor Edgar Allan Poecontinue reading  Ã¢â€ â€™ 10.  Was Edgar Allan Poe insane? Is Stephen King insane? Or any other author of horror and/or gothic fiction? Despite the dark nature of his poems and short stories, we dont have the evidence to say whether he was mentally illcontinue reading (multiple answers!)→ Homework Help is a great way to get homework help (its in the name!) or to simply learn something new. Read  more of our answered Poe questions and his bio and works, and, as always,  remember to ask your own questions to our team on any subject matter. Happy learning!

Rococo style in 1700s fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rococo style in 1700s fashion - Essay Example Magazines that emerged catered to the curiosity of the lower class as their attention was captured by the colorful illustrations and the latest news. This is the period that saw the development of panniers, a new silhouette for women worn under the skirts and extended sideways (Heinrich, 2014). The waists were constricted by corsets which were a big contract to the wide skirts that usually opened at the front showing an underskirt. The Watteau gown is one of the dresses worn during this period, with a loose back that became part of a full skirt with a tighter bodice. The gowns were worn with short wide lapelled jackets. The introduction of a loose wide gown with a colorful silk sash around the waist was considered a shock for women as the natural figure was apparent and no corset was worn. However, this was seen by the women as a symbol of their increased liberation and they embraced the style (Heinrich, 2014). Heels worn by women became smaller by design with slimmer heels and pretty decorations as hair was worn higher contrary to the beginning where it was worn tight to the head, topped with lace handkerchiefs to contrast the wide panniers. The towering tresses of hair were often curled and decorated with feathers, flowers, sculptures or figures. As the style progressed, hair was powdered with meal and flour causing a burst of outrage in the lower classes because of the subsequent rice in price of bread. Designs worn by men only had variations in the coat, waistcoat and the breeches, with the waistcoat being the most decorative piece. They were lavishly embroidered or having huge displays of patterned fabrics. The breeches were topped around the knees and white stockings worn underneath with large square buckled heeled shoes. The coats on the other hand were often worn close to the body and lacked the earlier skirt-like design, worn with a more open air to showcase the elaborate waistcoat (Heinrich, 2014). Men also adapted to wearing white wigs

Week-5 (weeks 1 to 5 journals) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Week-5 (weeks 1 to 5 journals) - Essay Example It is during this first week that I managed to get the assistance of my work mates into explaining minor details concerning my work. For instance, filing papers on criminal activities and judgments was a challenge to me. They explained to me the methods the organization uses in filing papers. My supervisor provided guidance into understanding the methodologies the organization uses in maintaining its papers. During this week, there were numerous challenges in interacting with my coworkers. Poor communication and miss-understanding of our job roles played a big role in these conflicts (Seta, 53). For instance, the secretary of my supervisor kept on giving me in accurate information concerning the instructions of the boss. On one occasion, the secretary asked me to present a file containing accident trials, instead of criminal cases. This issue lead to an argument between me, and the secretary. The situation was resolved when the boss came in, and outlined to us our responsibilities and how we ought to behave. During this week, I learnt perseverance while conducting my duties, as it is the only way of helping me associate well with others. This is because each of us possesses conflicting objectives in relation to our duties. Week two was the most challenging week during the period of my internship. The person supervising my work played a minor role in monitoring how productive my work was. This made me to take extra caution while conducting my duties, for purposes of efficiency while filing, checking and replying mails of the organization, and stamping judicial courts paper works (Seta, 12). It is at this week that a close relationship myself and coworkers developed. This helped in improving the manner in which we executed our duties, making us productive and efficient. My colleagues helped me a lot in filing court cases, since the papers were numerous. I could not meet the deadline of filing these papers, if I worked alone. During this week, the

Lloyds TSB & HBOS Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Lloyds TSB & HBOS - Case Study Example In order to better understand the culture of both the organisations we will analyse the cultures of both the organisations according to the five attributes used by Hofstede in a study involving 160000 IBM managers across more than 60 countries. According to Hofstede five fundamental differences in national styles were found while examining the culture of the organisation. The power distance in the Lloyds TSB seems to be lower as compare to HBOS where bosses are seen as more autocratic or paternalistic as compare to Lloyds TSB. The decision making at both the organisations is of consultative style. Again the employees at the Lloyds TSB are more participative and involved in the operations and decision making of the organisation as compare to HBOS (Higgs, 1996). Individualism is prevalent in the British culture as a result both the organisations have the culture of organising the work in such a way that the self interest of employees is aligned with the management of the organisation (Huczynski & Buchanan, 2007). As described by Hofstede (1997, p. 120) described uncertainty avoiding societies are a society where there are many formal laws and informal rules controlling the rights and duties of employers and employees. At Llyods TSB the uncertainty avoidance is at low level therefore the organisation effectively implement teams with higher levels of autonomy. Whereas again at HBOS the employee empowerment is lower as compare to Lloyds TSB. Masculinity In both the organisations masculinity and Femininity traits are prevalent and can be experienced by undertaking an analysis of the behaviours of the managers. Hence the notion of learning by experience is not centric (Burden and Proctor, 2000). Confucian dynamism As mentioned by Hofstede there is higher acceptance of the legitimacy of hierarchy and the valuing of perseverance and thrift, all without undue emphasis on tradition and social obligations which could impede business initiative in the Western cultures. The organisational cultures of both the organisations verify the findings of Hofstede. 2. How would you describe the prevailing leadership styles employed by each organisation A leader has the qualities to influence others through his persuasive measures such as the communication, display of confidence, can gain information regarding the problem being addressed and persuade the masses in the desired direction (Prasad, 2006; p. 264). SOCIAL VALUES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS LEADER STRUCTURE FOLLOWERS POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS [Source: Taken from, Prasad LM, (2006) Organizational Behaviour, Fig 26.1 p 287] All these factors interact together to determine the leader's ability to influence others. In HBOS the leaders of the organization practice a distinct participative style. The strong

Leadership And Communication: Law Enforcement Agencies

Leadership And Communication: Law Enforcement Agencies Beginning with the studies and writings of Aristotle and Plato, communication has been dated back to the receiving of different means (talk, signals, writing, gestures, etc.). This is when it was determined that communication can be verbal or non-verbal. When communication is broken down to its main components, it is comprised of the source, transmitter, channel, receiver, and destination with noise occurring in the transmitter and receiver points. Noise is the interference of accurately sending information through the communication flow chart. How often does someone think about these components of communication? Once these components are studied and understood, the sender and/or receiver can see where the problem is in the order and find a resolution. Communication is essential when it comes to large organizations when there are a large number of employees to be reached. Interpersonal communication skills are critical when it comes to training and teaching others new skills. Basic c ommunication can function as a method to influence the actions, behaviors, even beliefs of people. As noted before, communication can be non-verbal. Use of body gestures, posture, visual aids, and using someone elses personal space can also be used to communication the message effectively. In verbal and non-verbal communication, different messages with the same method of sending it can be misinterpreted (Interpersonal Communication, 2004). For example, a pat on the shoulder from a boss may mean that person is in trouble or they are doing a good job. The basics of communication are crucial to understand in order to effectively send messages and receive the correct message. Going further in depth on the concept of communication, the sender and receiver both have roles they need to fulfill in order to successfully relay the correct message. In this context, organizations have a role in compiling the correct message and choosing the appropriate channel through which to send it, and the employee has the responsibility of receiving and properly decoding that message. Each organization must explore their means of communication and see which ones are most effective. The occurring problem with this is what can be called the active sender and the passive receiver in the communication process. When the receiver is passive in their receiving the message, they either do not want to hear what is being communicated or just listening to the message, not decoding it. This is when it is critical that the organization find out what methods will be most effective in sending a message. Once the organization finds the right means of communication that works for them, then the employees will be able to receive and decode the message correctly-thus, producing the desired outcome of the employee and better service from their organization. Once the correct means of communication is established, negotiating is the next step in the communication process. Through a well-established communication system, the organization and its employees can resolve conflicts or problems more effectively. For law enforcement agencies that are looking to share information with the public, this method of communication can also be utilized. With technology becoming more advanced and prevalent, there are much more options to be used when communicating with the public. Law enforcement organizations can accomplish much through both of these types of communication (Woerkum Aarts, 2008). The previously mentioned types and methods of communication can apply not only to law enforcement agencies, but to daily communication between strangers. Even on a horizontal chain of communication, these communication techniques can be utilized to more effectively receive and send a message. Think about the last time someone gave the wrong change for a transaction at the store. Was the message communicated? If so, how was it communicated? How was it received? The situation can take many different, unnecessary, turns if right means of communication are not used. There are many aspects to taking into account when analyzing the communication process. Leadership Leadership relies on communication in order to be effective. There are many ways and methods communication can be integrated to become a better leader. It is essential to differentiate managers and leaders. Influence and power are important when assessing the characteristics of a manager versus a leader. While acknowledging power and authority have roles in leadership, it is also important to note that ethics and morals more strongly define a better leader (Walker, 2004). One of the most important roles of a leader is to teach. To begin with the basics of leadership, a leader must teach their learners how to test their mental reality and discover how to change it. Next, the most crucial part of leadership and learning is for the teacher (leader) to ask the learners questions that help them explore their thoughts and ideas. This will help the learners develop better reasoning skills and more accurately convey their thoughts. A successful method of developing deeper and more critical t hought is simply asking the question, Why? When why is asked to answer an open-ended answer, there is a deeper level of thinking and even cognitive dissonance that will cause the learner to better critique their thought process. Other methods such as telling stories help engage the learner, we well as engaging reciprocating dialogue. The more important of these two, engaging in dialogue, is given guidelines in order to keep the leader/learner relationship healthy: 1. Suspend assumptions and certainties, 2. Observe the listener, 3. Listen to your listening, 4. Be aware of thought, and 5. Befriend polarization (of opinions) (Karathanos, 1998). Observing the listener is critical for the leader in order for them to be sure that the learner is accurately receiving the correct message. This can be detected by body language, facial expressions, and any speech/thought given. Listen to your listening means paying attention to what you are hearing and processing it correctly. Some people mere ly listen to others. Leaders need to ensure they are listening, not just hearing. Being aware of the learners thought and feedback is the most crucial part of the leadership/learner process. When the learner expresses thought or any other communication, the leader needs to be very aware, listening, and ready to help expound on the learners thoughts. Lastly, everyone has opinions. It is important for the leader to embrace these opinions so further discussion can possibly bring about other thoughts. When the basics of communication in the leader/learner relationship regard are taken into account, it can be applied to many concepts, especially organizations and hierarchy. One of the aspects of the previous passage that strikes most interest is asking the question why? That simple word can bring about a huge discussion of many things. It also allows for more complex thought and further discussion and exploration of a certain topic. Listening versus hearing is also pertinent to leadership and communication. Children always hear their parents say that it is time for them to get up. How many of those children are really listening to their parents when they say it is time to get up? Not many because most children remain in the bed to squeeze out a few extra minutes of shut-eye. When it comes to a law enforcement agency, it is imperative for the higher levels on the hierarchy to listen to the lower hierarchy, not just hear them. In order for any organization to meet their goals and needs, everyone must work together. This means that goals, concerns, and ideas must be communicated effectively, and listened to attentively, rather than just heard in passing. Different Types of Leadership The organizational hierarchy of an organization is an essential part of the organizations successfulness. Every organization has some type of matrix organizational hierarchy-meaning that there is a type of chain of command. Within this structure, there are teams and groups that have leaders, whether appointed or naturally emerging. One of the most important aspects of a team is that each member feels needed, feels like they belong, and feels like they are contributing to the team. The three key points of an organizational team are accountability, authority, and responsibility. Authority is power over others to coerce them into doing certain tasks. Responsibility is the fact that one person knows they must answer to another regarding certain tasks. Accountability is taking on the responsibility of getting a task done due to the responsibility that person has. There are also different types of leaders: the explorer, the coordinator, the driver, and the administrator. The explorer is th e type in which the person is very confident and adventurous and tends to assign daily problems to others rather than taking them upon themselves. The coordinator tends to be very conscientious of team members thoughts and opinions and is good in resolving team discourse and developing compromise. The driver type of leader is realistic, good at doing what they can with what little they have, and are very resourceful. Lastly, the administrator is very organized and is meticulous in the way their work is done. Everything must be done methodically and in a reasonable fashion according to the administrator (Organizational Design, 2004). Communication and Leadership in Law Enforcement Law enforcement agencies include all types of individuals, including the ones listed in the previous paragraph. There are many various types of hierarchy, chains of command, and leadership in law enforcement agencies. Let us first discuss how communication has been improved in law enforcement agencies. When people are asked to think about communication, most think of just speech and their verbal actions. It goes much deeper than that. One law enforcement agency saw it as so important to bring in a 40-hour class for its employees. The class aim was to help police officers better understand and handle those with special needs. This training class educated the officers on how to be more aware of others behavior, actions, and especially what they are saying. This, in turn, would help the officer better pick up on the small things that would help the situation on a whole (detecting drunkenness, mental illness, miscommunications, etc.) (Shafa, 2009). Training law enforcement employees on the differences of people and their disabilities, cultures, mental state, etc. is extremely important. Police officers very often have to make a split-second decision on the scene as to who is the hostile one, who is the victim, who is a danger, who is in danger, etc. This type of training discussed in the previous paragraph can definitely help law enforcement become more aware of their surroundings. More specifically, it will help them learn how to become more understanding and patient when it comes to communicating with different types of people. There are many different traits that build a good leader. Argumentativeness versus argumentative behavior is found to be traits in leaders. Argumentativeness is harmful to a group when it comes to communication. An argumentative person is just that by nature. Rarely is a decision unanimously voted upon when presented by an argumentative person. When a person is argumentative, they are verbally aggressive and destructive to productivity and the group. Yet, this verbal aggressiveness can be changed into something else to be productive. When it comes to argumentative behavior, this has shown to be very productive in leaders. The argumentative behavior can help bring about certain points that would not be brought up normally by a non-aggressive, assertive, or argumentative person. Once that point is brought up, the group can discuss it. But it takes someone with a certain trait, such as argumentative behavior, to bring about these points (Limon France, 2005). Argumentativeness versus argumentative behavior is a fine line to discuss. Someone with argumentativeness is more likely to be verbally aggressive, overpowering, and very opinionated, not accepting of the views of others. A person with argumentative behavior can actually benefit a group. When the argumentative behavior occurs, certain points are brought up that normally would not have been brought up. Once this window is opened, the group can discuss the issue. But the argumentative behavior has to be present in order to bring about this point. Let us consider that there is no one in the group with argumentative behavior. How will issues arise in order to be discussed? There may be the possibility that one person may speak up. Everyone has different traits. There is likely to be at least one person in the group that will disagree with someone elses view point and voice that. Although they may try to be very nice about it, the conflicting view is still brought up. Some officers who are new to the force feel they have an image to fulfill. They will often abuse their authority and act differently than they normally would in a different role. Attitude is everything when it comes to communication. When trying to improve upon ones communication skills, individually or as a group, much offense can be taken. They may see that they are being attacked because they are not communication well enough or they are just doing something wrong. Law enforcement has been given a bad label when it comes to bad cops, even regular cops, due to their communication skills. Awareness and training classes have been implemented in order to help officers better communicate with the public. These classes focus on paralanguage, hearing versus listening, kinesics, proxemics, and cultural considerations. Paralanguage is basically all other voice characteristics that accompanies the spoken language. Tone, volume, rate, and pitch all can convey different messages. If someone i s speaking in a fast, high-pitched tone, very loudly and fast, it can be easily concluded that they are excited, upset, or anxious. If they are quiet, speaking slowly at a low volume, things such as sadness, depression, shock, and other emotions can be detected. As spoken of before, hearing versus listening is a key factor in communication. Listening is the art of decoding what a person is saying rather than just merely letting their words in one ear and out the other (hearing). Kinesics is any communication that is nonverbal. Communication can be completely nonverbal. Gestures, facial expressions, posture, etc. can give a better clue as to what the person is feeling or what they are trying to communicate. Proxemics is the defining area around a person that would be considered as their comfort zone. A person will become much more alert to the other party once their comfort zone is impeded upon and they are made uncomfortable. When taking into account cultural differences, the most i mportant thing that we can remember is physical touching. Some cultures do not allow it, other encourage it, and what one action means to us may not mean the same thing to a person in a different culture (Pritchett, 1993). These five aspects of communication are crucial when encountering others, especially in law enforcement. Paralanguage is very often used in law enforcement. When an officer asks if a person has anything on them that they should know about, when that person says no, there is a lot of paralanguage happening that clues the officer in that the person is really saying yes. In law enforcement, hearing versus listening is somewhat hit-and-miss. If a police officer is dealing with a drunk man that is about to be locked up for the night anyway, how much listening is the officer going to practice? On the other hand, if the officer pulls up to a murder scene, how much listening is the officer going to practice? He will definitely be practicing a lot in order to gather as much evidence as he can, as opposed to the drunken guy. Kinesics is also a good tool for police officers to use when trying to get down to the real story. Kinesics is basically body language accompanied by speech. One can easil y say that they do not have any marijuana on them, but while they are saying they do not, they are fidgeting, putting their hands in their pockets and walking around. Proxemics is a good tool to use to get someone to talk. Each person has their personal space (usually around one foot from their body). Once that personal space is invaded, their self-confidence and security decreases. When the person sees that the police officer has invaded their personal space, they know they are probably going to search them anyway. Cultural considerations are a difficult concept to keep up-to-date on. Law enforcement and police officers would have to do research if they find themselves encountering many different cultural positions. For example, in the American culture, waving hello or good-bye is a good thing. In other countries, waving is seen as a serious insult. The same goes for the things we say. Therefore, we must be careful in what we say, do, and the way we act around those of a different culture. Inter-Organizational Communication When it comes to inter-organizational communication, a study shows that smaller agencies have the tendency to communicate better with larger agencies. The population and size of an organization depends on the type of communication and with whom to communicate. The studies presented in this case show that organizations tend to communicate with the same type and size of organizations as themselves (Roberts J. Jr., 2007). When speaking of law enforcement agencies today, this seems to ring true. Why would the Federal Bureau of Investigation communicate with the city police of a city with a population of 2,000 people for help, information, or ideas? Let us also look at it this way-why would the city police department of a city of 2,000 people contact the Federal Bureau of Investigation for help, information, or ideas? Placing these studies in the real world today seems to be accurate. We see many organizations of the same size and on the same level communicating and working together, but they rarely go outside of their comfort zone in this regard. For example, after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, how often did people see the local city police sitting with the state police and military guard to block off roads? How many local organizations were seen getting their feet dirty along with the National Guard? There were more volunteers than this case. It can be guaranteed that it was not seen too often, if any. The success of an organizations communication system depends on effective means of communication, relaying the message, and considering the receiving party of the message. When it comes to productivity and communication within law enforcement agencies, there is little face-to-face contact with those who are sending a message and those who are receiving the message. Let us focus on the managing powers of the organization and communications in that regard. If higher management was to become lax, what would happen to the lower hierarchy? If higher management tightens up and significantly increases communication with the lower hierarchy, what would happen? One study suggests that managers or administrators who monitor progress and work-productivity run the risk of having those being studied turn to more malfeasance in their position. Therefore, the study concludes that trust is imperative when it comes to the managing relationship-in both horizontal and vertical lines of communication. Horizontal communication is two street patrol officers (on the same level of the hierarchy) communicating. Vertical communication would be a street patrol officer bringing c oncerns to the Chief of Police (the Chief being higher on the hierarchy). Being that police work is somewhat discretionary for the police officer, trust is definitely vital in both vertical and horizontal lines of communication. The Chief of Police is rarely able to be in a patrol car, seeing exactly what his officers are doing. Therefore, the Chief of Police must have a certain amount of trust in his officers, as well as the officers for their Chief, trusting him to do what he says he will do. Let us take a look on the other side of things. As stated before, officers have a certain amount of discretion over how to conduct their job. Everyone knows that a police officer will get a free drink from the local gas station or a free meal from the local breakfast restaurant. What would happen if communication and trust all of the sudden became tightened up and enforced? Not only would these little acts be affected, the productivity of the police officer would also be affected. If a police officer is, so to speak, micro-managed, there is more likely to be more backlash than welcoming of the communication. This can cause the officer to become insecure or frustrated at the focus being more on them and cause less productivity in his work (Langbein Jorstad, 2004). Women as Leaders While focusing on what characteristics comprise a good leader, let us also discuss how women emerged in their positions throughout the law enforcement organization to become effective leaders. Women were first introduced to the criminal justice system basically to handle female inmates due to abuse and mistreatment by male employees. Women were eventually moved to mainly work social work and had separate work environments, pay scales, dress code, and duties. Once the economy struggled through the 1930s and 1940s, women were battling for employment positions, or bread winners for the family and were eventually demoted back to being housewives. Despite stereotypical roles, struggles, and sexism, women have proved successful in rising to leadership positions in law enforcement among other types of organizations. Most of this can be contributed to the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, both of which grant rights and equal protection to minorities. The factual stories of most successful women in leadership positions mainly include their past of lawsuits of discrimination, struggles with promotions, etc. Yet, these women have proved themselves worthy to be promoted to a high leadership position. While women have not yet met their goal in being treated equally as others, there has been a huge improvement over the years and many women successfully fulfilling leadership positions (Rienerth, 2001). Women have naturally integrated into the law enforcement scene. They have risen to leadership positions just as men have. Our country has made a lot of progress since the 1930s when women were suppressed from working and having household titles other than housewife or homemaker along with many other improvements in other regards. Today, there are many laws that protect the rights of not only women, but other minorities that have face hardships in gaining employment throughout our history. Nevertheless, something throughout all of this has proven successful due to our currently thriving and successful law enforcement agencies we have today. Groups and communication are a critical contribution when it comes to what comprises a healthy, successful, and thriving organization. Continually coaching, involving others, motivating, rewarding, and promoting teamwork can universally help organizations achieve their goals on the small scale and the large scale. In law enforcement agencies, there are many different departments that help the organization function on a daily basis. It is believed that authority or leadership is the reason for the failure or success of the agency. In this regard, leadership is believed to be the solution that can help stop unethical behavior. When a law enforcement agency has much more unethical behavior than others, management and higher leadership in the organization are usually to blame. When management is not consistent in carrying out their duties, communicating concerns, and especially when other employees see that they are not handling unethical employees the way they should, employee performan ce and productivity goes down and risk for unethical behavior rises. The whole organization suffers-tension mounts, low morale, lack of strife to achieve the same goal, and fragmentation of the organization can all occur (Wright, 1999). Suggested Further Research Further research should be conducted regarding the effectiveness of current practices by law enforcement agencies. We can only improve upon what we know we are already doing wrong. First, studies should be conducted on the current practices by different types of law enforcement agencies. These results should be studied then compared to the practices of successful agencies. Once these studies results are gathered, it should be further researched and calculated as to what the agency can do differently or more accurately pinpoint their weak points. Without duplicating the other agencys practices, further action should be taken in order to help what the agency is doing wrong. This can be done through policy and procedure, training, employee performance evaluations, and even staff meetings. Conclusion Established organizations and law enforcement agencies have policy and procedure in place. There should be more in place for each agency that outlines the chain of command and communication procedures. This should start from the bottom with training of new officers. Communication should be emphasized through a well-taught course during training. There should also be refresher courses at least yearly for those who have been with the agency for more than one year. Communication training should also be given to those who normally do not come in to contact with the public also. This training would be for administrative personnel, dispatchers, and office workers. This would be effective because even though these people do not interact with the public on a daily basis, communication still needs to be enforced and improved across the board in order for the organization to run smoothly. With the discussion given on leadership, training could help, but not in the same way communication traini ng would. In order to improve leadership skills and communication in that regard, ethical and equal treatment training would be beneficial. It is very unlikely that a 65-year-old Chief of Police veteran is going to change much just by watching a video. But the training would be very beneficial to those who are just coming into the agency. The same goes for this training also-it should be re-iterated every year to ensure all employees, new and old are staying fully trained in all regards. In summary, communication is the root of all beginnings of any organization. First, the organization must be established. Then the hierarchy must be constructed. From there, communications among leadership and those on the lower part of the hierarchy must be effective in order to achieve the organizations goals. If they are not being met, the solutions or methods discussed in this paper should be applied. Remembering there is a sender, receiver, and a channel through which a message is sent is essen tial to remember. The channel is they pivotal point in which the message can be effectively sent or effectively lost. The passive receiver concept must also be taken into account. When this is detected, either the channel for the message needs to be changed or the receiver needs to be addressed. Listening versus hearing impedes much progress due to party not fully understanding the message of the other. When leading a group of people, it is important for the teacher to effectively utilize their methods. One of the most important methods of ensuring the message is effectively conveyed is asking the question why? This opens up the listener to much more broad thinking to come to other, possibly alternative, ideas. A law enforcement officer dealing with a mentally handicapped person would communicate with that person differently than a sober, belligerent, 250 pound man. Understanding the other partys situation is very important when dealing with law enforcement. Leadership plays a role in everything that is discussed in this paragraph. Whether it is training, on the job work, or providing awareness, leaders are responsible for their employees performance regarding communication. This is where trust is fundamental for law enforcement agencies-vertically and horizontally in the hierarchy. If there is no trust between police officers and their Chief of Police, work-productivity will suffer due to low morale. This low morale will come from the officers thinking, If the Chief doesnt care, then why should we? Thus, leadership and communication go hand-in-hand when it comes to managing an organization and keeping that organization thriving and successful.

Division Classification :: Division Classification

Division Classification: A logical way of thinking that allows us to make sense of a complex world. The institution that what people stated the purpose.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Division-taking a single unit or concept, breaking the unit down into its parts, and then analyzing the connections among the parts and between the parts and the whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Classification-brings two or more related items together and categorizes them according to type or kind. II. How Division-Classification fits your purpose and audience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A) Break the subject into parts as it is easier during prewriting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B) It imposes order to the mixture of ideas during prewriting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C) Helps the writer analyze topics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D) Helps structurize an essay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  E) When writing on certain things you divide such as writing about parts, stages, or a process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  F) When showing categories use classification. III. Suggestions for using Division-Classification in an essay 1. Select a principle of division-Classification with your purpose.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A) Subjects can be divided according to a number of different principles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B) A single principle of Division-Classification provides the foundation for each major section of the paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C) Division-Classification can use more then one principle. The paper can shift from one principle to another in different parts of the paper. 2. Apply the principle of division classification logically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A) Take your time while writing division-Classification and other words don’t wait till the last minute.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B) be sure to hit every angle of your subject, meaning don’t leave at the obvious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C) Don’t overlap for example dividing birds you could use the Bald Eagle, but he is almost extinct, so don’t over lap by saying he is a bird plus extinct. 3.Prepare an effective thesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A) A division-Classification thesis does more then signal the paper’s subject and suggest your attitude the general subject   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B) The thesis can state the principle of division-classification at the heart of the essay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C) The thesis can reveal which part or category you regard as most important.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D) It signals the paper’s plan of development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  E) Use specific facts, examples, and details.